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  Acknowledgments

  There are so many people without whom this book could not have happened. First and foremost, Jim Martin, whose e-mail I opened on my phone at the bank one day. You assured me yours was a real publishing offer and stood behind me every step of the way. Thank you, along with Jackie Johnson, Laura Phillips, and Bloomsbury, for reaching out to and guiding an unknown author.

  I wasn’t completely new to the science writing world when I started Breaking the Chains of Gravity. A number of people have helped me along in my career, getting me to the point where I was ready to take on a book. Alex Pasternack at Motherboard, thank you for giving me my first job as a writer. Fraser Cain at Universe Today, thank you for bringing me into the core of online space nerds, and for letting me come back from time to time even though I’ve been too busy for regular Hangouts. Thank you Ian O’Neill at Discovery News for hiring me and always having my back.

  Two people reached out to help me enter the world of publishing, giving me advice I didn’t even know I needed. Phil Marino at W. W. Norton Liveright, thank you for taking me to lunch more than two years ago in New York and giving me a publisher’s opinion on an early proposal that ultimately tu
rned into this book. Alex Jacobs from Cheney Literary, thank you for letting me ask you all kinds of questions about signing a book contract.

  Francis French, your ongoing support, not to mention the opportunity to write a section of an Apollo astronaut’s memoir, has meant the world as I continue to establish my career. Matt Wood, you’ve been a wonderful friend and a sympathetic ear through the final stages of this endeavor, and you’re a great sounding board. Robert Reeves, you’ve been a source of strength on rougher days. Thank you, all three of you, for giving your time and thoughts on my early drafts.

  A handful of people might not realize that they’ve been pretty important to me. Phil Plait and Geoff Notkin, you both offered me a lot of support years ago that helped give me confidence to keep going in this weird world of science communicating. Jamey Wetmore at ASU, thank you for helping me with my master’s thesis all those summers ago; I’m still using lessons learned from you in my big writing projects. Nathan Kitada at YouTube, thank you for seeing something worthwhile in my space history videos; you’ve made me feel like I really can branch beyond the niche of already dedicated space history fans. Alan Stern, thank you for bringing me onto the New Horizons team, an incredible opportunity and an even more meaningful vote of confidence.

  Mark Ulett, thank you for cheering me on when I first took on this project, for letting me bounce ideas off you for years as I honed this story, and for reading every early draft of my sample chapter and proposal.

  To my parents, thank you for the gift of my education, your love and support, and the freedom to devote myself to this book. And Dad, for learning more than you ever wanted to know about spaceflight reading drafts along the way. I love you both.

  And finally, to every Twitter follower, Facebook fan, YouTube subscriber, and blog reader. You are all the reason I’m able to do what I love for a living. Thank you for allowing me to explore my nerdy space passion and share it with you. I’m so glad you guys love this stuff as much as I do!

  Amy Shira Teitel, 2015

  Index

  A-1 (Aggregate–1) and A–2 (Max and Moritz) here–here, here

  A-3 here, here, here–here, here, here

  A-4 here, here, here, here–here, here–here, here

  A-4b here–here, here

  concentration camp labour here–here, here, here

  V-2 attacks on London here, here

  A-5 here, here, here, here

  A-6 here

  A-7 here

  A-8 here

  A-9 here

  A-10 here

  Adams, Sherman here–here

  Aerobee sounding rockets here, here

  Aggregate rockets here, here, here–here

  Air Research and Development Command (ARDC) here–here

  Man in Space program here–here

  aircraft testing here–here

  Alamogordo Army Air Field here–here, here

  Allen, Harvey here–here

  America see USA

  Ames Research Laboratory, California here, here, here

  Anglo-American Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee here

  antipodal bombers here–here, here, here, here–here, here, here, here, here

  Apollo here

  Apt, Mel here–here, here

  Armstrong, Neil here, here, here–here

  Army Air Force Scientific Advisory Group here–here, here, here, here, here–here, here

  Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) here, here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here

  Arnold, Henry H. “Hap” here–here, here, here–here, here–here

  astronauts here–here

  Atlas missiles here–here, here, here, here, here, here–here

  Atomic Energy Commission here, here

  Atwood, Lee here

  Austria here–here, here

  AVCO here, here–here

  Axster, Hebert here

  ballistic missiles here

  balloon flights here–here, here–here, here–here, here–here

  Bat guided missile here

  Becker, Carl here–here, here

  Bell Aircraft Corporation here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here, here

  Berlin Institute of Technology here

  Berlin-Charlottenburg Technische Universität here

  Blossom here–here, here–here

  Boyd, Albert here–here

  Bradley, Omar here

  Braun, Magnus Freiherr von here

  Braun, Magnus von here, here, here–here

  Braun, Sigismund von here

  Braun, Wernher von here–here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here

  A-4 launches here–here

  escape from Nazi Germany here–here, here–here

  Huntsville, Alabama here–here, here, here, here

  Man Very High here

  Mars here, here–here

  Project Orbiter here–here, here–here, here–here

  RAF raid on Peenemünde here–here

  Redstone missiles here, here, here–here

  satellite program here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here

  SS here–here, here–here, here

  transfer to US here, here–here, here–here

  V-2 here

  White Sands here–here

  Bredt, Irene here, here, here

  Britain here, here, here, here–here

  Bromley, William here

  Bumper rockets here–here

  California Institute of Technology here

  Caltech here, here, here

  Cape Canaveral, Florida here–here, here, here, here, here

  Carpenter, Malcolm S. here

  Chrysler here–here, here

  Churchill, Winston here, here

  Clark, David here

  Collier’s here–here, here

  Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Center here–here

  compressibility here–here

  Convair here–here, here, here, here, here, here

  Cooper, Leroy G. here

  Copernicus, Nicolaus here

  Crossfield, Scott here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here

  D-558-II Skyrocket here–here

  Disney, Walt here–here

  “Man in Space” here, here

  dogs here–here

  Dornberger, Walter here–here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here, here, here, here

  A-4 launches here–here, here–here

  emigration to USA here–here

  escape from Nazi Germany here–here

  interrogation by the British here–here

  RAF raid on Peenemünde here–here

  surrender to US here–here, here

  ultra planes here–here, here, here

  von Braun’s arrest here–here

  Douglas Aircraft here, here–here, here, here

  Dryden, Hugh here–here, here, here, here, here–here, here, here, here, here, here–here, here, here, here, here, here, here–here

  Dyna-Soar here–here

  Edwards Air Force Base here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here, here–here, here, here, here, here, here, here

  Eggers, Alfred here–here

  Eisenhower, Dwight here–here, here–here, here, here, here, here, here, here–here

  International Geophysical Year (IGY) here–here

  missile program here–here

  Open Skies Treaty here–here, here

  presidential election here–here

  space policy here–here

  Sputnik here–here, here–here, here, here

  Suez Crisis here–here

  Expendable Earth Orbiter here–here

  Expendable Lunar Vehicle, Pass-By here

  Explorer 1 here, here, here–here, here, here

  Faget, Max here, here

  Feltz, Charles here, here–here, here, here, here<
br />
  Fokker here–here

  Ford Instrument Company here

  Frau im Mond here–here, here, here

  g-forces here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here–here

  Galileo Galilei here

  Garmisch-Partenkirchen here–here, here, here–here

  Gee-Whizz here–here

  General Electric here, here, here, here, here, here

  Germany here

  First World War here–here

  Nazis take power here–here

  Second World War here–here, here, here–here

  Gestapo here, here, here, here, here

  Gilruth, Robert R. here

  Glenn, John H. here

  Glennan, Thomas Keith here–here

  Goddard, Robert here

  Goebbels, Joseph here

  Goodlin, Chalmers “Slick” here–here

  Göring Institute here

  Göring, Hermann here, here, here

  Grissom, Virgil I. here

  Gröttrup, Helmut here

  Grunow, Heinrich here

  Hagen, John P. here, here

  Hamill, James here, here

  Harbou, Thea von here

  Henry, James P. here

  Hermes A1, A2, A3 here

  Hermes C1 here, here

  Hermes II here–here

  High Speed Flight Station here–here

  Hilton, W. F. here

  Himmler, Heinrich here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here

  Hitler, Adolf here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here–here, here, here, here, here

  Holaday, William M. here, here

  Holloman Air Force Base here, here, here, here, here, here–here, here

  Horstig, Ritter von here–here

  Huntsville, Alabama here–here, here, here, here, here–here

  Huzel, Dieter here–here, here

  hydrogen bomb here

  hypersonic flight here, here, here, here–here, here–here

  X-15 here–here, here–here

  International Geophysical Year (IGY) here–here, here–here, here, here–here, here–here, here, here, here–here, here, here, here

  International Harvester Company here

  J. F. Eisfeld Powder and Pyrotechnical Works here

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory here, here, here, here, here